Women’s Health and Interventional Radiology: Treating Uterine Fibroids Non-Surgically

Dr. Kumar Muthukumar
Senior Consultant,
Department of Interventional Radiology
Apollo Adlux Hospital, Angamaly

Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) is an advanced, minimally invasive procedure used to treat non-cancerous growths called fibroids, which develop in the uterus. This technique is not limited to fibroids but is also utilized for other uterine conditions such as postpartum hemorrhage or adenomyosis. UAE is a non-surgical, safe treatment option that requires minimal intervention. Fibroids can lead to symptoms such as excessive bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure on surrounding organs. For women seeking relief from these symptoms, UAE serves as an alternative to surgical treatments like hysterectomy or myomectomy.

What is Uterine Artery Embolization?
Uterine Artery Embolization involves blocking the blood supply to fibroids, causing them to shrink over time. This procedure is performed by an interventional radiologist, who inserts a catheter into the femoral artery (located in the groin) and guides it to the uterine arteries. Through the catheter, tiny particles are injected to block the blood flow to fibroids, cutting off their oxygen and nutrient supply. UAE can also be used to control postpartum hemorrhage and other uterine bleeding conditions.

Who is this treatment suitable for?
UAE is highly effective for women experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding, lower abdominal pain, or excessive pressure caused by fibroids. It is an excellent option for those who wish to preserve their uterus, avoid major surgery, and are not planning to conceive in the future. Additionally, the procedure enables a faster return to normal life compared to traditional surgical options.

Procedure and Recovery
The UAE procedure typically lasts 1–2 hours and is performed under local anesthesia with sedation. Most patients can return home the same day or the following day, with full recovery expected within 1–2 weeks. Some patients may experience mild side effects, such as discomfort or constipation during recovery, but these are usually manageable with medication.

Key Benefits of Uterine Artery Embolization
Minimally Invasive: UAE requires no large incisions, resulting in fewer complications, less pain, and faster recovery compared to traditional surgeries. It also significantly reduces or eliminates excessive bleeding.

Uterine Preservation: Unlike hysterectomy, UAE allows women to retain their uterus, making it a suitable option for those wishing to avoid complete uterine removal.

Effective Symptom Relief: Most women experience significant fibroid shrinkage and symptom relief within a few months post-procedure.

Quick Recovery: Patients typically resume normal daily activities within 1–2 weeks, compared to the 6–8 weeks recovery time associated with traditional surgery.

Uterine Artery Embolization is an effective, minimally invasive treatment option for women experiencing fibroid-related symptoms. With a shorter recovery time and the ability to preserve the uterus, UAE is an appealing choice for many. A consultation with both a gynecologist and an interventional radiologist can help determine if UAE is the right treatment option based on your specific needs and reproductive plans.